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Ecological Problems Pollution and protection of our environment
Ecology is a science. Many sciences have such prefix. What does it mean “Eco”? “ Eco” means “home" in Latin language. It’s a science about our mutual home – about nature. Science, which teachers us to treat very carefully to our homeland. Environment – is surroundings we live in .
People have always polluted their surroundings . Even in ancient times people admitted that their health was depending on the state of surroundings. But only in XX century humanity, in full measure, realized , that many diseases are closely connected with the air and water pollution and inferior products.
Ecological problems air pollution water pollution soil pollution
Air pollution . Air pollution is a very serious problem, because polluted air can cause illness and even death. Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1500 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog, the oxygen balance upsets. Cars are polluting the air by exhaust gases and other dangerous chemicals.
Virtually not only human beings pollute the air but nature itself can cause damage , for example volcanic eruptions . But the consequences after volcanic eruptions aren’t so harmful as human beings , in contrast to human activities , these processes are always reversible – thought after a while the atmosphere will recover in former structure .
Water pollution Water recourses is one of the main factor of existing life in our planet . People use fresh water for their needs. It is more than 2% of hydrosphere volume . First of all water pollution is the result of industrial, agricultural and everyday necessities discharge of wastes into rivers, lakes and seas. The main part of water pollution plays a large number of oil industry wastes .
Soil pollution The main component of the Earth biosphere represents topsoil . Soil is polluted by: litter, wastes , heavy metals, pesticides, radioactive elements. Sinking aerosol may contain heavy poisonous metals and it may lead to plants’ ruin .
Modern ecological problems greenhouse effect
Ways of solving ecological problems Creation of different kinds of purification plants ; Recycling.
III Using of conservation technologies and rational distribution of industry . Creation of purification territorial systems .
Ecology Or Technology
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Ecological Problems
Ecology is a science about nature surrounding us.
The main ecological problems are:
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Many rivers and lakes nowadays are polluted with different waist products, which are very harmful for plants and animals living in them. Some species are extinct today. Water in the majority of rivers and lakes has become undrinkable.
In big industrial towns and cities the air is very dirty. Sometimes people have to close the windows not to let it in. When it is not windy smog is hanging over the city and people breathe in poisonous substances.
Some waist products are buried in the ground , they poison soil and make harm to the plants which grow on it .
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Where Does Acid Rain Come from?
People have leaved on the Earth for thousands of years. They tried to make their life safer, easier and more comfortable. They have built big houses, huge factories and plants, lots of different cars and machines and power stations.
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Where Does Acid Rain Come From?
The smoke from cars, factories and power stations go into the air. This smoke contains sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. These substances mix with water vapour in the atmosphere and form sulphuric acid and nitric acid. Sunlight turns these acids into poisonous oxidants which fall in rain or snow onto the trees.
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How Does Acid Rain Influence Trees?
Acid rain influences deciduous trees like oak, beech and birch as well as coniferous trees like fir and pine. First the branches turn yellow and brown. Then the trees" needles or leaves fall. The roots and trunk shrink. Finally trees die. In the Black Forest in southern Germany 75% of the trees have been damaged or killed.
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Why Are Trees So Important ?
Trees are important because they provide a home for many other plants, and animals too. They protect the flowers which grow on the forest floor. They provide food for insects, reptiles, birds and mammals. They protect the soil from the wind and the rain. Most important of all, the forests are the lungs of the planet. Trees produce the oxygen which we breathe. If the trees die, we will, too.
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People have always polluted their surroundings. Even in ancient times people admitted that their health was depending on the state of surroundings. But only in XX century humanity, in full measure, realized, that many diseases are closely connected with the air and water pollution and inferior products. Люди всегда загрязняют их окружение. Ещё в древние времена люди признались, что их здоровье в зависимости от состояния окружения. Но только в ХХ веке человечество, в полной мере осознал, что многие заболевания тесно связаны с загрязнением воздуха и воды и некачественной продукции.
Air pollution. Air pollution is a very serious problem, because polluted air can cause illness and even death. Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1500 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog, the oxygen balance upsets. Cars are polluting the air by exhaust gases and other dangerous chemicals. Загрязнение воздуха является очень серьезной проблемой, потому что загрязненный воздух может вызвать болезни и даже смерть. Каждый год мировая промышленность загрязняет атмосферу около 1500 миллионов тонн пыли и других вредных веществ. Многие города страдают от смога, кислородный баланс нарушается. Автомобили загрязняют воздух выхлопными газами и другими опасными химическими веществами.
Water pollution Water recourses is one of the main factor of existing life in our planet. People use fresh water for their needs. It is more than 2% of hydrosphere volume. First of all water pollution is the result of industrial, agricultural and everyday necessities discharge of wastes into rivers, lakes and seas. The main part of water pollution plays a large number of oil industry wastes. Водные ресурсы является одним из главных факторов существующей жизни на нашей планете. Люди используют пресную воду для своих нужд. Это более чем на 2% объема гидросферы. Прежде всего загрязнения воды является результатом промышленных, сельскохозяйственных и бытовых нужд сброс отходов в реки, озера и моря. Основная часть загрязнения воды играет большое количество отходов нефтяной промышленности.
Soil pollution The main component of the Earth biosphere represents topsoil. Soil is polluted by: litter, wastes, heavy metals, pesticides, radioactive elements. Sinking aerosol may contain heavy poisonous metals and it may lead to plants ruin. Основным компонентом биосферы Земли представляет верхний слой почвы. Почва загрязняется: мусор, отходы, тяжелые металлы, пестициды, радиоактивные элементы. Понижение аэрозоль может содержать ядовитые тяжелые металлы, и это может привести к гибели растений.
Ecology Problems Since ancient times nature has served man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man’s interference in nature began to increase. Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises have appeared all over the world today. The byproduct of their activity pollutes the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow grain and vegetables.
- Since ancient times nature has served man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man’s interference in nature began to increase. Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises have appeared all over the world today. The byproduct of their activity pollutes the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow grain and vegetables.
PLASTIC POLLUTION
RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION
Not only nuclear power plants but many of our «peaceful» factories and towns cause a great damage to the environment. Dangerous dust and blow-outs of the enterprises are being carried out by winds for long distances destroying the life around. People all over the world are worried about what is happening to the environment. They understand that the earth is their home, a big green home. The environment protection should be our universal concern.
- Not only nuclear power plants but many of our «peaceful» factories and towns cause a great damage to the environment. Dangerous dust and blow-outs of the enterprises are being carried out by winds for long distances destroying the life around. People all over the world are worried about what is happening to the environment. They understand that the earth is their home, a big green home. The environment protection should be our universal concern.
- Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, a number of lakes and rivers dry up. The pollution of air and the world’s ocean destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man’s careless interaction with nature, a sign of ecological crises.
Siberian Tigers are on the
verge of extinction.
- Global warming process of the gradual increase fair-annual temperature of the atmosphere of the Land and World ocean.
- The Scientists were defined: uncontrolled surges in atmosphere and other thoughtless behaviour of the person was a reason of the steady change the climate, capable completely to change the planet. The Danger of the global catastrophe has acknowledged the government and folk of the developed countries of the world.
A new study of glaciers in a portion of the Antarctic finds 84 percent of them have retreated over the past 50 years in response to a warmer climate.
- A new study of glaciers in a portion of the Antarctic finds 84 percent of them have retreated over the past 50 years in response to a warmer climate.
- The work was based on 2,000 aerial photos, some taken in the 1940s, and satellite images. The climate in the region has warmed by more than 4.5 degrees Fahrenheit (2.5 Celsius) in the last 50 years, the scientists said.
- "The widespread retreat of the glaciers on the Antarctic Peninsula over the last 50 years was largely caused by climate change," said David Vaughan of the British Antarctic Survey in Cambridge.
Antarctic Glaciers Melting Rapidly
Ozone absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation which is produced by the Sun. Ultraviolet radiation can damage cells of living things- plants, animals and people. The damage of ozone has been caused by complex chemical reactions involving chlorine and bromine.
- Ozone absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation which is produced by the Sun. Ultraviolet radiation can damage cells of living things- plants, animals and people. The damage of ozone has been caused by complex chemical reactions involving chlorine and bromine.
The hole in the ozone layer
Land degradation- soil pollution- Water and wind erosion are now the two primary causes of land degradation; combined, they are responsible for 84% of degraded acreage. Each year, about 75 billion tons of soil is eroded from the land-a rate that is about 13-40 times as fast as the natural rate of erosion. Approximately 40% of the world"s agricultural land is seriously degraded. According to the United Nations , an area of fertile soil the size of Ukraine is lost every year because of drought, deforestation and climate change. In Africa, if current trends of soil degradation continue, the continent might be able to feed just 25% of its population by 2025, according to UNU"s Ghana-based Institute for Natural Resources in Africa.
- The loss of soil fertility due to erosion is further problematic because the response is often to apply chemical fertilizers, which leads to further water and soil pollution, rather than to allow the land to regenerate.
World map indicating areas that are vulnerable to high rates of water erosion.
Water pollution Approximate Decomposition Times in a Landfill
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Painted wooden stake |
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Aluminium cans, plastic bottles |
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Glass containers |
